Hendrik Lorentz

Hendrik Lorentz
Lorentz in 1902
Born	Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (1853-07-18)18 July 1853 Arnhem, Netherlands
Died	4 February 1928(1928-02-04) (aged 74) Haarlem, Netherlands
Alma mater	University of Leiden
Known for	Lorentz contraction Lorentz covariance Lorentz ether theory Lorentz factor Lorentz force Lorentz reciprocity Lorentz rule Lorentz oscillator model Lorentzian metric Lorentz transformation Abraham–Lorentz force Cauchy–Lorentz distribution Drude–Lorentz model Lorentz–Lorenz equation Rayleigh–Lorentz pendulum Stokeslet Theory of EM radiation
Awards	Nobel Prize for Physics (1902) ForMemRS (1905)[1] Rumford Medal (1908) Franklin Medal (1917) Copley Medal (1918)
Scientific career
Fields	Physics
Institutions	University of Leiden
Doctoral advisor	Pieter Rijke
Doctoral students	Geertruida L. de Haas-Lorentz Adriaan Fokker Leonard Ornstein Hendrika Johanna van Leeuwen

Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (/ˈlɒrənts/; 18 July 1853 – 4 February 1928) was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect. He derived the Lorentz transformation of the special theory of relativity, as well as the Lorentz force, which describes the combined electric and magnetic forces acting on a charged particle in an electromagnetic field. Lorentz was also responsible for the Lorentz oscillator model, a classical model used to describe the anomalous dispersion observed in dielectric materials when the driving frequency of the electric field was near the resonant frequency, resulting in abnormal refractive indices.

According to the biography published by the Nobel Foundation, "It may well be said that Lorentz was regarded by all theoretical physicists as the world's leading spirit, who completed what was left unfinished by his predecessors and prepared the ground for the fruitful reception of the new ideas based on the quantum theory."^[2] He received many other honours and distinctions, including a term as chairman of the International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation,^[3] the forerunner of UNESCO, between 1925 and 1928.